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WORLD HINDI DAY: 10 January is celebrated as World Hindi Day to promote the use of Hindi language at the international level. It was started by Manmohan Singh in the year 2006. Since then, World Hindi Day is being celebrated every year. This time the theme of this special day has been kept as ‘Global voice of unity and cultural pride’. Hindi is currently the third most spoken language in the world. Hindi originally originated from Sanskrit language. Here we are telling how Hindi originated from Sanskrit and it became the language of crores of people, leaving Sanskrit behind.
Sanskrit originated in the northern part of India. This is a very ancient language. It is considered the basic language of the Indian subcontinent. Sanskrit is also called the language of God. Other Indian languages like Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada are believed to have originated from Sanskrit.
How did Hindi emerge?
Vedic Sanskrit was used in India between 1500 BC and 1000 BC. All four Vedas and Upanishads are written in this language. After this, secular Sanskrit emerged. Pali language emerged from secular Sanskrit. Gautam Buddha’s messages are found only in Pali language. Prakrit language emerged from Pali. Hindi was formed from Avahatta, the Apabhramsha (corrupted form of language) of Pali itself. The history of Hindi is considered to be about a thousand years old. Apabhramsha languages started being used in literature around 1000 AD.
Hindi developed from three Apabhramsa
Linguist Bholenath Tiwari has mentioned five types of Apabhramsha on regional basis. Shauraseni (central), Magadhi (eastern), Ardhamagadhi (central), Maharashtrian (southern), Vrachad-Paishachi (western). According to Bholanath Tiwari, Hindi developed from three forms of Apabhramsha, Shaurseni, Magadhi and Ardhamagadhi.
three periods of hindi history
The development of Hindi language has been divided into three periods. Ancient period, medieval period, and modern period. The ancient period is considered to be from 1000 AD to 1500 AD. During this period, poems were composed and Raso texts were written. After this, the period between 1500 AD and 1900 AD is considered to be the medieval period. This is also called devotional time. During this period, a lot was written in regional dialects regarding devotion to God. The modern period began in the 19th century, in which prose was written in abundance. During the British rule, Hindi made an important contribution in uniting the people of the country and the Constituent Assembly declared Hindi as the official language of India on September 14, 1949. For this reason, National Hindi Day is celebrated on 14 September. At the same time, World Hindi Day is celebrated on 10 January.
Contribution of Bharatendu Harishchandra
Indian literature was earlier written in Sanskrit only. However, Hindi continued to become popular among the common people. Literature started being written in Hindi after 1200 AD. However, till this time only poems were written. Amir Khusro wrote the first poem in Hindi. Bhartendu Harishchandra is considered the father of Hindi prose. He started writing prose from 1850 and inspired other writers also to write prose. Some scholars believe that the first authentic prose work of Hindi literature is the novel ‘Pariksha Guru’ written by Lala Srinivas Das.
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