What is radar technology: Today’s era is the era moving at a rapid pace of science and technology, where state -of -the -art techniques are being used in many areas such as security, communication, weather forecasting and transport. One of these is an important and multi -use technology – radar. You have often heard the word ‘radar’ in airports, war aircraft, naval ships, or meteorological predictions. But have you ever thought deeply what this radar actually happens? How does this work? How many types of it are and what is it in our life?
This article will try to explain the complete functioning of radar technology in simple Hindi, its various types, its history and its importance in our daily life.
What is radar?
The full name of Radar is Radio Detection and Ranging, which means – ‘Search and measurement system by radio waves’. It is a technique that detects the identification and position, distance, speed and direction of an object using radio waves. In this system, radio waves of high frequency from a transmitter are broadcast in an area. When these waves collide with an object, the object reflects them and sends them back. This reflected signal is analyzed by the receiver, which gives information about where the object is, how far, in which direction and how much speed. This characteristic enables radar to recognize the objects that are not visible from the eyes – such as dense fog, night or ship hidden in sea waves.
History and development of radar technology
The foundation of radar technology was laid in 1886 when the German scientist Henrik Hartz proved that radio waves may be reflected by hitting metal -like objects. This discovery later became the first link for the development of radar technology. In the early 20th century, scientists began seriously studying the spread and reflection of radio waves, emerging the practical possibilities of this technique. In the 1930s, especially the circumstances of the war accelerated the development of the radar. Countries such as Britain, America, Germany and Soviet Union began to develop radar system for military purposes. British scientist Robert Watson-Vat created the first practical radar identity system in 1935 which proved decisive in detecting aerial attacks during World War II. Radar technology expanded rapidly after war -time success. Today this technology is not only limited to military boundaries but is also playing an important role in meteorological, air traffic control, shouting, space research, even automobile security system.
How does radar work?
The radar system is based on the following stages:
Signal emission – radar antenna usually sends radio waves of microwave frequency in one direction.
Reflection – When these waves collide with an object (such as aircraft, cloud, ship), some part of them reflects and returns.
Signal Receipt – The radar receiver catches that returned (Echo) signal.
Analysis – The computer or analysis system analyzes that signal and determines the distance, direction and speed of the object.
For example, if an aircraft is 100 km away, the wave that takes out of the radar to reach there and come back will give an idea of the distance of the aircraft.
Radius
Transmitter – It produces radio waves.
Antenna – It acts to send the waves and receive the receive.
Receiver – It receives reflected (returned) waves.
Signal Processor – It analyzes the received waves and provides information about the distance, speed, direction etc. of the object.
Display Unit – All this information shows in point or other form on the screen, which humans can easily read.
Radar
There are many types of radar technology that vary depending on their use, frequency, and function:
Pulsed radar – This sends the pulse of short -term (brief) radio waves and wait for them to return, measuring the distance.
Continuous Wave Radar – This continuously sends radio waves and is mainly used to measure the speed of the object.
Doppler radar – This uses the doppler effect that reveals speed and direction. It is widely used in meteorology.
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar – This is a modern and complex radar system that provides high quality photos and detailed information.
Main features of radar
Work in darkness – radar does not require light, as it uses radio waves. Therefore, it can detect objects even in darkness.
Useful in bad weather – radar works effectively even in conditions like rain, haze and clouds as radio waves can pass through these mediums.
Long distance detection of object – modern radars are capable of detecting objects from thousands of kilometers away although the real distance depends on the strength and design of the radar.
Measurement of the speed of the object – the radar can also measure the speed and direction of the object by using the doppler effect.
Use in different areas of radar
Radar technology is being used in many important areas of life today. Radar in the military sector plays a very important role in detecting enemy aircraft, warships and missiles, ensuring airspace monitoring and safety and determining the path of missile and artillery. At the same time, radar is also widely used in civilian fields. The radar system is required for safe monitoring of aircraft in air traffic control. The Meteorological Department makes an accurate forecast of the situation of storm, rain and clouds with the help of Doppler radar. The radar has also become mandatory to prevent the guidance and conflict of ships in sea shipping. Apart from this, radar -based cruise control and collision -preventing system in modern automobile industry are proving helpful in reducing accidents. Apart from this, radar technology has an important contribution of satellites and spacecraft tracking, as well as land survey and search works in space exploration. Thus radar has brought revolutionary changes in making our lives safe, convenient and modern.
Radar benefits
There are many characteristics of radar technology that make it different and impressive from other identity and monitoring systems. The most important thing is that the radar works 24×7, that is, it is constantly active in day and night and in any season because it does not require light. Whether it is dense fog, heavy rains or night darkness, radar maintains its functionality. Modern radar systems are also capable of identifying and tracking objects located thousands of kilometers away, although its maximum distance depends on the strength and design of the radar. The information obtained from the radar is very fast, which makes the distance, direction and speed of the object immediately detected and it is possible to take quick decisions. In addition, radar provides automatic control in areas such as aviation and shipping, which proves to be helpful in ensuring safety and increasing operations. All these qualities make radar a compulsory technique of the modern era.
Radar technology challenges and limitations
Although radar technology is extremely useful and effective, it still has some limited sides and challenges. Radio waves with low-frequency sometimes become blocked or weak by small objects such as stones, trees or dense forests that affect the quality of the radar signal and have difficulty in correctly identifying the object. In addition, other electromagnetic waves such as mobile networks, TV signals or other radar systems, radar signals can cause interference and noise that reduce radar accuracy. Also, advanced and modern radar systems are expensive, which are also very expensive to build and maintain, which can lead to economic obstacles in their widespread use. Despite these limitations, radar technology has made unprecedented contribution to many fields of science and industry.
Radar technology towards future
With technological progress, radar technology is constantly developing and new capabilities are being added to it. Integration of radar system with artificial intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary change that makes the analysis of radar data possible and can be taken quick and accurate decisions even in complex conditions. Apart from this, small, light and portable radar equipment are now being developed, which can be easily used in various fields, whether it is military campaign or disaster management. Modern radars are now equipped with 3D and imaging technology which further improve the quality of identity by creating three-dimensional images of goods. At the same time, multisactrum radars that work together on many frequencies provide high levels of information and performance in various environmental and geographical conditions. With all these innovations, the future of radar technology looks very bright and popular.
