Sahitya News Desk!! He was a famous poet and writer of Hindi language. His fame is more for his work ‘Madhushala’. Amitabh Bachchan, son of Harivansh Rai Bachchan, is a famous star of Indian cinema.
life introduction
Born on November 27, 1907 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Harivansh Rai Bachchan belongs to a Hindu Kayastha family. He was the elder son of ‘Pratap Narayan Srivastava’ and ‘Saraswati Devi’. In his childhood he was called ‘Bachchan’ which literally means ‘child or child’. Later Harivansh Rai Bachchan became famous by this name. In 1926, at the age of 19, he was married to ‘Shyama Bachchan’ who was 14 years old at that time. But in 1936, Shyama died due to TB. Five years later, in 1941, Bachchan married Tejisuri from Punjab, who was associated with theater and singing. At this time he composed poems like ‘Rebuilding the Nest’. Tejibachchan had two sons, Amitabh and Ajitabh. Amitabh Bachchan is a famous actor Teji Bachchan has acted in many plays translated by Harivansh Rai Bachchan as Shakespeare.
Education
Harivansh Rai Bachchan was educated in Allahabad and Cambridge Universities. He first learned Urdu in Kayastha schools, which at that time was considered the first step for a law degree. After this he did M.A. in English from Allahabad University. and PhD from Cambridge University. Did.
work area
Harivansh Rai Bachchan was a professor in the English department of Allahabad University for many years. For some time, Harivansh Rai Bachchan was associated with the literary programs of All India Radio. Then in 1955, he went to Delhi as a Hindi expert in the Ministry of External Affairs. During his university days, he went to Cambridge and wrote a dissertation on the English poet Yeats in 1952-1954, which was highly appreciated.
literary introduction
There are many opinions about the literary importance of ‘Bachchan’s poetry. The uniqueness of ‘Bachchan’s poetry is his popularity. It can be said without any hesitation that even today ‘Bachchan’ has a safe place among the most popular poets not only of Hindi but of the whole of India. Very few poets can claim such a wide and vast audience.
universal and beloved
‘Bachchan’s poetry is so universally accepted and loved because the popularity of ‘Bachchan’ was not based only on the acceptance of the readers. Whatever he found he found very interesting. He was tired of the extreme delicacy and sweetness of Chhayavad, its extrasensory and highly personal subtlety, its characteristic expression style. Urdu ghazals had shine and flexibility, had the power to affect the heart, had that spontaneity and sensitivity, which could easily make the reader or listener say that, I found that it seemed as if he too was in my heart. But Hindi poetry was far away from the public mind and public interest. ‘Bachchan’ at that time (in the era of widespread sadness and depression from 1935 to 1940 AD) gave the gift of speech to the troubled, pain-stricken minds of the middle class. He started expressing his views in direct, simple, lively language and in an all-embracing, lyrical style, instead of the metaphorical curve of Chhayavad, through sensibility-filled Abhidha and the Hindi poetry lover was suddenly shocked, because he found that he too was in his heart. . It is not a matter of whether ‘Bachchan’ found and adopted this path by trying to achieve something, he came to this path unintentionally. He got inspiration from feeling, he made it his aim to give poetic expression to feeling itself.
Hala poetry collection
A publication ‘Tera Haar’ had already been published, but the first poetry collection of ‘Bachchan’ is considered to be ‘Madhushala’ published in 1935. With its publication, the name of ‘Bachchan’ rose rapidly like a deafening rocket and dominated the literary world. ‘Madhubala’, ‘Madhushala’ and ‘Madhukalash’ – one after the other, these three collections soon came out in Hindi which has been called ‘Halaavad’. These are the religious texts of that poetic system. The founder of that poetic method was also its only successful follower, because while it is easy to parody ‘Bachchan’, it is impossible to imitate him in the true sense. Despite all its natural universality, ‘Bachchan’s poetry is extremely personal, self-spontaneous and self-centred.
Inspiration
Through this ‘Halavaad’, despite accepting all the dullness of one’s life, instead of turning away from it, Bachchan tried to make use of it, despite all its evils and shortcomings, to embrace whatever is there because it is sweet and joyful. Gave inspiration. Urdu poets have invited us to look at the world of colors closely, again and again, and taste it, without worrying about ‘wise’ and ‘baza’, mosque and religion, Qayamat and Uqwa. Khyaam has taught us to know, accept, adopt and use the present moment well, and this is also the life-philosophy of ‘Bachchan’s ‘Halavaad’. This is not escapism, because there is no rejection of reality in it, nor is it a concept of running away from it, rather it is a strong inspiration to make the dryness of reality green by watering it with one’s own imagination. It is true that there is romanticism and sadness in these poems of ‘Bachchan’, but the sadness of situation is an invitation to do wrong; Not to commit suicide due to grief.
best poetic achievement
At this stage of his life, ‘Bachchan’ was passing through the ruins of the ideals and dreams of his youth. He left studies and jumped into the national movement. Now they were drinking the bitter sip of the failure of that movement. While working as a teacher in a small school, he was drowning in the deep gap between reality and ideal. In this state of poverty, he was witnessing the severity of his wife’s incurable disease and was troubled and distressed by the terror of inevitable rebellion. As a result, the poet ‘Bachchan’ became more and more introvert. The collections of poems of this era and this ‘mood’, ‘Nisha Invitation’ (1938 AD) and ‘Ekant Sangeet’ are probably the best poetic achievements of ‘Bachchan’. Personal and practical life improved. Got a good job, got inspiration and motivation to ‘build the nest again’. ‘Bachchan’ again self-realized at this new turn of his life, explaining his mind and asked,
“Those who are settled are destroyed by the inanimate law of nature, but when is it forbidden to resettle someone who has been destroyed?
‘Bachchan’ has accepted with a pure heart that
“The world is asking for the ashes of the funeral pyre” – such a successful and simple generalization of the personal world is rare.
popularity
The main reason for the popularity of ‘Bachchan’s poetry is its spontaneity and sensitive simplicity and this spontaneity and simple sensitivity was possible due to its emotional truth. Whatever ‘Bachchan’ did later, in the beginning he composed poetry only on the strength of self-realization, self-realization and self-expression. The inflation of the poet’s ego became the extravagance and comprehensiveness of the poetry. The distress of the society, the shining hollowness of the environment, the helplessness and helplessness of the individual in front of destiny and system were poetic subjects based on natural, personal experience for ‘Bachchan’. With courage and truthfulness, he presented his new songs to the Hindi world in simple language and style, easily embellished with imagination and simple images. The Hindi world welcomed him enthusiastically.
The poet entered an era of new happiness and prosperity. In ‘Satrangini’ (1945 AD) and ‘Milan Yamini’ (1950 AD), beautiful song achievements of the new joyful era of ‘Bachchan’ were seen and heard.
self centered poet
‘Bachchan’ is a solitary self-centred poet, that is why his works which are not spontaneous, for example, the poems written on ‘Bengal Ke Kaal’ and the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, have become not only dull but completely devoid of poetry. If a poet of self-realization writes poetry without feeling, then he can achieve success only if the thought element or craft of his creation can lift it above ordinary rhymes – and the thought element and craft are relatively weak and weak in the poetry of ‘Bachchan’. Moments of strong poetic feeling are rare and ‘Bachchan’ has written a lot. It was inevitable that most of his later works would remain very simple poetic works. He has done many experiments in the craft of poetry, but those experiments could not be more important than the efforts of most of the Urdu poets to write poems on different ‘grounds’ in different types of languages.
interesting incident
Harivanshrai Bachchan’s translation of Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat introduces a sentiment, a philosophy and a human sensibility. Bachchanji had also written an important long preface along with this translation, some excerpts from it are as follows-
There is a very interesting story of my first acquaintance with the name of Omar Khayyam. When I learned the name of Omar Khayyam about 25 years ago, I must have been in the third or fourth grade of vernacular upper primary. Our father used to order ‘Saraswati’. When the magazine arrived, the first thing my younger brother and I did was to open it and look at the pictures. In those days, only one colored picture was printed, but many plain pictures, photos etc. were printed. Looking at the pictures, we used to eagerly wait for the day when father and his group of friends would read it and keep it aside. By the time this happened, it was time for ‘Saraswati’ of the second month to arrive. After those people finished studying, both of us brothers used to take our scissors and knives and join ‘Saraswati’ like medical college students with dead bodies. Used to cut all the pictures one by one. After cutting out the photographs, the value of the magazine would have seemed a penny more to us. To hasten the cutting of pictures, I still remember, father used ‘Goshmali’ many times.[3] Also did.
It was about those days, a colorful picture was published in ‘Saraswati’ of some month – it was a picture of an old Muslim, grief was dripping from his face; It was printed below – Omar Khayyam. I cannot say anything about which sentiment of Rubaiyat this picture was made to show, at this moment I do not remember anything about the picture, except that an old Muslim is sitting and there is a shadow of mourning on his face. Both of us brothers looked at the picture together and read ‘Omar Khayyam’ below. My younger brother asked me, “Brother, what is Omar Khayyam?” Now even I did not know what Omar Khayyam believed. But I am older, I should know more. What he doesn’t know, I know, by showing this I could impress him with my maturity. I wasn’t going to miss out. My teacher had taught me long ago that it is better to give wrong answers than to remain silent.
I used my brain and as soon as I saw the picture I said, “Look, this old man is saying – Omar Khayyam, which means ‘Umar Khatyam’, that is, life ends, the old man is feeling regretful thinking this.” In those days I used to study Sanskrit also. There must have been some sense of ‘decay’ in ‘Khayyam’ and that is why some such feeling must have come to my mind. The matter was put aside, I turned my back in my mind, and we started looking at more pictures. But in future the younger brother had to choose such a field of life, where there is a need to know everything only correctly. Where there is not even the tip of a needle’s space for imagination, conjecture or speculation. Since childhood, his habit was to know everything exactly. They got the feeling that I was blowing paper. Asked father in the evening. I felt embarrassed after hearing what my father told me. To further increase my embarrassment, the younger brother said, “But brother, this old man says that life ends – Omar Khayyam means death of life.” Father laughed at first, but then became serious; He said to me, “You are right, the old man really says this.” That day I thought that father had said this to keep my mind, in reality my understanding was wrong.
That picture of Omar Khayyam hung on the wall of my room for a long time. In a world where so many living pictures fade away within a few days, how long could Omar Khayyam’s inanimate picture maintain its celebrity? The picture of Omar Khayyam has disappeared but it has left an indelible mark on my heart. Omar Khayyam and Omar Khatam, these two things got linked together in my mind. Since then, whenever I heard or took the name of ‘Omar Khayyam’, the same piece, ‘Omar Khattam Hoti Hai’ echoed in my heart. I later realized that despite my misconception, I had made a correct connection between these two things.
dignity of poetic language
The credit for giving the dignity of poetic language to common spoken language definitely goes to ‘Bachchan’. Apart from this, one of the reasons for his popularity has also been his poetry recitation. ‘Bachchan’ has an extraordinary contribution in making the tradition of Kavi Sammelan strong and popular in Hindi. Through this medium he came even closer to his readers and listeners. Apart from poetry, ‘Bachchan’ has also written some critical essays, which are worth reading for serious study and presentation of settled thoughts. There is a doubt whether his translations of Shakespeare’s plays and the verses of ‘Bhagavad Gita’ published under the name of ‘Jan Geeta’ will be considered particularly notable or memorable parts of ‘Bachchan’s literary work.
Honors and Awards
Harivansh Rai Bachchan was awarded the ‘Sahitya Akademi Award’ for Hindi poetry in 1968 for his work ‘Do Chattaane’. He was also awarded the ‘Soviet Land Nehru Award’ and the ‘Lotus Award’ of the Afro Asian Conference. Birla Foundation gave him Saraswati Samman for his autobiography. In 1955, Dr. Shivmangal Singh Suman, Chairman of the Hindi Department of ‘Holkar College’, Indore, had invited Harivansh Rai Bachchan to preside over the Kavi Sammelan. Harivansh Rai Bachchan was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 1976 in the field of literature and education.
