Meghnath Saha (English: Meghnad Saha; born- October 6, 1893, East Bengal; died- February 16, 1956) was an Indian scientist who did important work in the field of mathematics and physics. It was due to his tireless efforts that the ‘Institute of Nuclear Physics’ was established. Dr. Meghnath Saha had discovered the physical reasons for the close relationship between the temperature and spectrum of stars. Due to this discovery, he had gained international fame at the age of 26. He was elected a Fellow of the ‘Royal Asiatic Society’ of London at the age of 34. Meghnath Saha was also a member of Parliament. Due to his efforts, physics in India got a big boost.
Famous scientist Dr. Meghnath Saha was born on 6 October 1893 in a poor family in Shaoratoli village, about 45 kilometers from Dhaka (present-day Bangladesh). His father’s name was Jagannath Saha and mother’s name was Bhuvaneshwari Devi. His father was an ordinary businessman. Meghnath Saha was the fifth child of his parents. Being born in a financially poor family, Saha had to struggle a lot to move ahead. His grocer father wanted him to help him in business, but this was not acceptable to the promising Meghnad.
In the year 1917, Meghnath Saha was appointed as a professor in the University College of Science, Kolkata. There he taught quantum physics. There he did advanced research work and did D.Sc. Has received the title of. He also received a prestigious award by writing an essay on stellar physics. S.N. Together with Bose, he translated research papers written by Einstein and Minkowski into English. In 1919, a research paper by Meghnad Saha was published in the American Astrophysical Journal. In this research paper, Saha propounded the “Ionization Formula”. This was a new discovery in the field of astrophysics, whose impact was far-reaching and many subsequent researches were based on his principles. After this, Meghnath Saha went abroad for 2 years and did research work in the Imperial College of London and a research laboratory in Germany.[1]
Meghnad Saha was a great astronomer of India. He has an unforgettable contribution in the field of astronomy. Thermal ionization proposed by him[2] The theory of can be considered as the basis of information about the birth of stellar atmosphere and its chemical organization in astronomy. The impact of his research in the field of astronomy was far-reaching and many subsequent researches were based on his principles. The Saha equation attracted the attention of the whole world and this equation
Meghnath Saha was also a member of Parliament. He had received many international honors. At the age of 34, he was elected a Fellow of the ‘Royal Asiatic Society’ of London. In 1934 he presided over the ‘Indian Science Congress’. Meghnath Saha was also the chairman of the committee formed by the Government of India for calendar reform. Dr. Saha had also written five important books.
Physics in India got a big boost due to the efforts of Meghnath Saha, who was rich in progressive thoughts. Meghnath Saha, rich in talent, died on 16 February 1956.