In today’s world, Internet is not just a source of entertainment, but it has also become an essential part of banking, communication, education and security. So, when an entire country or a large area suddenly goes offline, the question arises: How do governments shut down internet connectivity so easily? The truth is that both technical and legal methods work in this.
The most common way to turn off the internet
Governments usually order telecom companies to shut down internet services. All mobile networks and broadband service providers in the country work under the instructions of the government. Once the order is received, the companies shut down mobile data, broadband, or both within minutes. This is the reason why the Internet suddenly disappears on a large scale.
How DNS and IP blocking clogs the Internet
Sometimes, instead of shutting down the entire Internet, governments block specific websites or platforms. This is done using DNS blocking or IP blocking. When a user tries to access a website, his request never reaches the server. Social media, messaging apps, or news websites are blocked in the same way.
Why do calls continue even when the mobile network is turned off?
It is often seen that when the internet is down, calling and SMS services remain operational. This happens because voice and data operate on separate systems in mobile networks. The government, as necessary, may direct data-only shutdowns to prevent the spread of rumors and online activity, while also ensuring that essential calling services remain available.
Role of undersea cables and gateway control
In some countries, governments also control international Internet gateways. The country receives global Internet access through undersea Internet cables and international gateways. Because of the control they have over these gateways, governments can completely cut off external Internet access if they wish, taking the country almost completely offline.
Shutting down the internet in the name of law and order and security
Most Internet shutdowns are done to maintain law and order, national security, or during emergencies. During riots, protests, or other sensitive situations, governments find that the Internet can be a great source of spreading rumors. Therefore, as a precautionary measure, internet connectivity is shut down.
What effect does it have on common people?
Internet shutdown has a direct impact on online payments, office work, education and business. In an era of initiatives like Digital India, internet shutdowns bring everyday life of common people to a halt.