The world map changed several times in the 20th century. During this time many empire was broken and many countries were divided. First and II, World War, Cold War, Economic Crisis and Wave of Nationalism together gave birth to new nations in many parts of the world. Let us know where other partition took place in the 20th century other than India and Pakistan.
Austria-Hungary Empire disintegration (1918)
Austria-Hungary separated after World War I in 1918 of the 20th century. Nestled in Central Europe, this empire existed from 1867 to 1918. After this there was an agreement between the two and then a union of two different states, Austria and Hungary. This happened after World War I. Since 1918, Austria and Hungary had become two independent nations. Austria and Hungary are two different, independent countries today. Austria is a country located in Central Europe, which borders Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Hungary is another country located in Central Europe, bordering Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Austria.
Fall of Ottoman Empire and Establishment of Türkiye (1923)
Turkey was established in 1923 after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. After World War I, the Ottoman Empire disintegrated and new boundaries were created on its territory. In 1923, Turkey founded a republic and modern Turkey was built. According to America.org, the history of Türkiye is thousands of years before the establishment of the Republic of Türkiye in 1923. The nomadic Turks of Central Asia established several empire including the Ottoman Empire. This empire was founded in 1299 by Turkish ruler Usman at a place called Anatolia. Ottoman’s captured Constantinopal in 1453. Subsequently, he also captured Anatolia, Maghreb in North Africa, South-Europe Europe, Arabian Peninsula and parts of the Persian Gulf. The Ottoman Empire became a major world power, which included modern Iraq and parts of the Caucasus. Over time, the Ottoman Empire began to weaken. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the empire began to lose its land. Internal problems, technical backwardness and the defeat to Germany in World War I ended the Ottoman Empire. Then Mustafa Kamal Pasha, the father of modern Türkiye, united the Turks against foreign occupation and formed the Republic of Türkiye in 1923. He made major changes in the country. Adopted Latin script instead of Arabic, popularized European costumes, implemented European laws and formed a democratic government.
Partition of India and Pakistan (1947)
After independence from the British on 15 August 1947, India and Pakistan became two different countries. For the Muslim -majority population, a large part of India was separated and a new country called Pakistan was formed. It included today’s Pakistan and Bangladesh (then East Pakistan). India emerged as a new country as a secular and democratic nation.
When Germany divided into four parts
Germany was also one of the countries to be divided into the 20th century. It was divided into four parts, not two. In May 1945, after the surrendering of the German Army unintentionally, Germany was completely shattered. The existence of the German state ended and the control of the country went into the hands of the victorious Allies (America, Britain, France, Soviet Union). After the war ended, Germany divided into four parts – American, British, French and Soviet regions. The western two-thirds of the western part was given to the US, Britain and France, while the eastern one part came under the control of the Soviet Union. The capital Berlin, which was in the Soviet region, was also divided into four regions and plans to run it jointly. However, the Soviet Union then separated the German regions (Eastern Prussia, most of Pomerenia and Silesia) in the east of the Odder and the rivers and joined them with Poland and him. After 1946, two different countries, East Germany and West Germany, emerged.
Eastern and West Germany again united
On October 3, 1990, Eastern and West Germany became united. This was the first time a divided country got a chance to be re -resurrected due to a mass movement. On the morning of 3 October, there was a new dawn for people on both sides of Germany. From the night of 2 October, millions of people had gathered in front of Berlin’s Brandenburg Gate and wanted to see sunrise in integrated Germany after 45 years.
Czechoslovakia also divided
On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia also divided into two countries. One Czech Republic and the other Slovakia. This is called velvet divorce. At the time of the Austro-Hungaryian Empire, the Germans were considered dominated on both communities (Czech and Slovak). Slovakia was independent as a customer state in Nazi Germany for a short time between 1939–1945.
14 nations formed after the end of Soviet Union
In 1991, the world’s largest communist Empire, the Soviet Union (USSR), was shattered due to the increasing wave of economic crisis, political instability and nationalism. This historical event changed the map of international politics. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a total of 15 independent nations came into existence. These include Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Tajikistan.
Seven countries became from Yugoslavia
After the 1990s, Yugoslavia also divided into several parts. In the 1990s, Europe’s multi -ethnic nation Yugoslavia was divided into several parts in political instability, ethnic conflict and civil war fire. After the disintegration of Yugoslavia, a total of 7 independent countries became: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herjegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia (now Northern Macedonia) and Kosovo (which became an independent nation in 2008). This division is considered one of the most violent and difficult parts in the history of Europe, which had a long -term impact on the politics and society of the region.
